RESUMO
Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, se intensificó el uso de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la incorporación de las TIC en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje por parte de docentes, estudiantes de grado y posgrado de Medicina de instituciones públicas y privadas brasileñas, antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se adoptó una encuesta transversal para esta investigación, con recolección de datos, realizada de mayo a septiembre de 2020. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y análisis temático. Participaron 242 personas: 153 estudiantes de pregrado, 19 estudiantes de posgrado y 70 profesores. Los participantes consideraron que el apoyo brindado por sus instituciones educativas en 2020 para el uso de las TIC fue bueno (44,2 por ciento, 107/242) o excelente (22,3 por ciento, 54/242). Las tecnologías más utilizadas en 2020 fueron los entornos de aprendizaje virtual (79,8 por ciento, 193/242) y las videoconferencias (77,7 por ciento, 188/242). La mayoría de los encuestados prefiere la modalidad presencial (50,4 por ciento, 122/242), seguida de los que prefieren el uso ocasional de las TIC (22,3 por ciento, 54/242). Los participantes registraron 171 percepciones relacionadas con el uso de las TIC como recurso pedagógico y su importancia durante la pandemia. Los participantes reconocieron el uso complementario de las TIC en sus actividades académicas y consideraron que el apoyo institucional fue adecuado. No se informaron dificultades financieras, pero los participantes mencionaron la falta de formación y el uso limitado de las TIC en actividades prácticas(AU)
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) was intensified. This study aimed to investigate the incorporation of ICT in the teaching-learning process by teachers, undergraduate and graduate Medicine students from Brazilian public and private institutions, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional survey was used to perform this research, with data collection carried out from May to September 2020. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. There were 242 participants: 153 undergraduate students, 19 graduate students, and 70 faculty members. The participants considered that the support provided by their educational institutions in 2020 for the use of ICT was good (44.2percent, 107/242) or excellent (22.3percent, 54/242). The technologies most often used in 2020 were virtual learning environments (79.8percent, 193/242) and videoconferences (77.7percent, 188/242). The majority of respondents prefer the classroom-based' modality (50.4percent, 122/242), followed by those who prefer the occasional use of ICT (22.3percent, 54/242). The participants registered 171 perceptions related to the use of ICT as a pedagogical resource and its importance during the pandemic. The respondents recognized the complementary use of ICT in their academic activities and considered that the institutional support was adequate. No financial difficulties were reported, but participants mentioned lack of training and limited use of ICT in practical activities. To overcome such gaps, the use of ICT should take into account preferences and specificities of medical education, for which institutions have to prepare themselves pedagogically(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Ensino , Educação a Distância/métodos , Tecnologia da Informação , Acesso à Internet/tendências , COVID-19 , BrasilRESUMO
Descrever o acolhimento à demanda espontânea, em unidades de Atenção Básica em Saúde - APS, na perspectiva dos profissionais de saúde e dos usuários. Métodos: estudo descritivo com dados de 56 municípios da Regional de Atenção à Saúde XIII do estado de São Paulo, que participaram da avaliação externa do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica, em 2012. Foram analisadas 12 variáveis relacionadas aos profissionais e 11 aos usuários. Resultados: Segundo os profissionais, o acolhimento estava implantado em 96,7% das unidades, atendendo 98,9% das necessidades dos usuários, com tempo de espera para atendimento de até 15 minutos (89,5%), sendo os enfermeiros, agentes comunitários e médicos os mais envolvidos. Dois terços dos usuários afirmaram que suas necessidades foram atendidas, esperavam até uma hora para serem acolhidos (62%), elegendo médicos e vigilantes como os que mais acolhiam. Conclusão: Pôde-se perceber que há encontros nas perspectivas dos participantes do estudo relacionados à existência de acolhimento nas unidades de APS e à qualidade da atenção prestada e, em contrapartida, divergências de visões, principalmente, referentes ao conceito de acolhimento e aos operadores desta estratégia de saúde.
To describe the reception of spontaneous demand, in units of Basic Health Care - BHC, from the perspective of health professionals and users. METHODS: a descriptive study with data from 56 municipalities of the Region of Health Care XIII of the state of São Paulo, which participated in the external evaluation of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Basic Care in 2012. Twelve variables related to professionals and 11 users. Results: According to the professionals, the hospital was implanted in 96.7% of the units, meeting 98.9% of the users' needs, with a waiting time of up to 15 minutes (89.5%). community members and physicians. Two-thirds of users stated that their needs were met, waited up to one hour to be welcomed (62%), electing doctors and vigilantes as the most welcoming. Conclusion: It was possible to perceive that there are meetings in the perspectives of the participants of the study related to the existence of reception in the units of PHC and the quality of the attention given and, on the other hand, divergences of visions, mainly, referring to the concept of reception and to the operators of this one health strategy.
